We are blessed to live in our beautiful sunny South Africa and are heading into the fabulous summer months. It is likely that you will be spending days outside enjoying the great climate in the weeks ahead. Whether it be on the beach, in the pool or running around in the garden, one is constantly exposed to the effects of Ultraviolet Radiation from the sun.

The benefit of sun radiation exposure is stimulation of the cutaneous production of Vitamin D. This is a “buzz word” now with some studies linking Vitamin D with COVID-19 prevention and/or treatment. That is a topic for another day! The downside of over exposure is the damage to one’s skin. Long- term exposure leads to skin cancers such as Basal and Squamous cell Carcinomas, and Melanomas. One needs to examine their entire body frequently for any new skin lesions or changing spots. Anything new or unusual should be assessed by your family doctor.

The initial inflammatory reaction from excessive exposure results in the well-known Sun Burn. This is a first-degree burn which is damage to the DNA by the Ultraviolet radiation. The reaction causes inflammation and death of the skin cells. This process occurs within an hour of sun exposure, and within two hours the damage to the skin cells is visible. Your skin type/pigmentation will determine how quickly you burn, with darker skins requiring more exposure. A wet skin is also more likely to burn than dry which is important to keep in mind when swimming. The radiation exposure is greatest between 10AM and 4PM. The other factors than can contribute to the severity of a burn include the altitude, latitude, time of year and ozone layer.

Sunburn treatment can mostly be managed at home. We recommend cool soaks with water, application of soothing ointments such as aloe vera will help with symptoms too. If burns are moderate to severe, then consider anti-inflammatory medications to relieve the pain and reduce inflammation. Be sure to remain well hydrated and avoid further sun exposure.

Prevention is always better than cure. Sun hats, High SPF protection reapplied frequently and shade between 10 and 4 is your best defense to enjoy the wonderful outdoors safely. I wish you all a safe and happy festive season.